A woman’s journey is characterized by unique biological changes and challenges. Key life stages—adolescence, reproductive years, perimenopause, and menopause—represent vital periods marked by significant physical, emotional, and hormonal transformations.
As women traverse through different life stages, their physical, emotional, and mental needs undergo evolution.
“Proactively tracking key health indicators allows women to take control of their well-being. Regular screenings throughout each life stage empower women to identify potential health issues early and seek necessary medical attention,” advises Dr. Shelly (Mittal) Mahajan, Lab Director & Clinical Lead at Mahajan Imaging Labs. In honor of Women’s Day on March 8, let’s emphasize women’s health and the challenges faced, and discuss how they can advocate for their own health.
Adolescence
The adolescent phase can be particularly challenging for young women. From irregular menstrual cycles to heavy bleeding, many encounter a variety of issues. Dr. Kavitha Kovi, Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at Aster Women & Children Hospital in Bengaluru, notes, “Adolescent girls often face conditions such as PCOS/PCOD or acne, attributed to hormonal imbalances. Nutritional deficiencies are also prevalent, which can lead to anemia and weakened bones.”
Recommended tests and measures:
- Iron and hemoglobin tests to screen for anemia, common in adolescents.
- Monitoring Vitamin D and calcium levels for bone health.
- HPV vaccination to help prevent cervical cancer later in life.
Motherhood Years
The reproductive years introduce significant changes related to pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting. Dr. Nancy Nagpal, Consultant Gynaecologist at Salubritas Medcentre, states, “Concerns such as high-risk pregnancies, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and postpartum depression frequently arise. Additionally, there is an increased risk of breast lumps, cysts, and infections.”
Essential screenings include:
- Complete blood count and blood sugar tests to assess anemia and diabetes risk.
- Pap smear and HPV testing for early cervical cancer detection.
- Mammogram or breast ultrasound for early identification of breast cancer.
- Pelvic ultrasound and hormonal profile assessments to evaluate reproductive health.
- Urinary tests to identify urinary tract infections (UTIs).
- Lipid profile and blood pressure monitoring to ensure cardiovascular health.
Perimenopause
As women enter perimenopause, they may experience irregular menstrual cycles, leading to common conditions such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, hypertension, weight gain, and declining bone health. Dr. Kavitha emphasizes, “It’s important to address these health concerns during this transition.”
Recommended screenings include:
- Bone mineral density tests (DEXA Scan) for early osteoporosis detection.
- Diabetes and cholesterol screenings.
- Thyroid function tests.
- Regular blood pressure monitoring.
Menopause
Menopause is officially defined as the absence of menstruation for 12 consecutive months. Dr. Nancy points out, “Declining estrogen levels can impact vaginal lubrication, cardiovascular health, cognitive function, and increase the risk of colorectal cancer.”
Key health evaluations include:
- Bone density tests to monitor osteoporosis progression.
- ECG and cardiac risk assessments.
- Colonoscopy and cancer screenings for colorectal health.
- Eye examinations to detect cataracts and glaucoma.
- Thyroid function testing, as hypothyroidism is more common during this period.
Beyond Menopause
Post-menopause, women face heightened risks of fractures, mobility challenges, osteoporosis, and arthritis as bone strength declines. Dr. Nancy warns of increased susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, Type 2 diabetes, and bladder control issues.
Continuing health checkpoints include:
- Annual mammograms and breast self-exams to monitor for breast cancer.
- Regular blood glucose and lipid profile tests for metabolic health.
- Cognitive assessments to screen for dementia or Alzheimer’s disease.
- Urinary and kidney function tests to identify UTIs or kidney disorders.
